Which ethical framework is associated with the idea that actions determine what is moral or good, as presented in the material?

• A. Ethical Relativism
• B. Ethical Formalism
• C. Ethical Utilitarianism
• D. Professionalism

Answer: (C)

The idea being tested is a consequentialist view of morality, where the rightness of an action is judged by the results it produces. Utilitarianism embodies this stance: an action is morally right if it leads to the greatest overall happiness or welfare for the most people. In this framework, actions themselves are evaluated by their outcomes, not by adherence to fixed rules or cultural norms. This contrasts with ethical relativism (morality defined by culture), ethical formalism (morality based on universal duties regardless of consequences), or professionalism (standards within a profession). So the best fit for the idea that actions determine what is moral or good is utilitarianism.